广河地巴坪“半山类型”墓地

EXCAVATION OF A NEOLITHIC CEMETERY OF THE "PAN SHAN" TYPE AT TI-PA-P’ING IN KUANG-HO COUNTY, KANSU PROVINCE

广河县属甘肃临夏回族自治州。县境南北环山,地势狭长,广通河由西向东横贯其间。在河谷两岸的黄土台地及高坪上,分布着许多不同类型的新石器时代遗址,地巴坪遗址是其中的一个。它位于广河县城东南六公里,地巴坪村西北、广通河南岸的一个黄土台高坪上(图一),现属黄赵家公社黄赵家大队第十生产队耕地所在。坪下兰郎公路沿河而过,交通便利。坪上地势平缓,层层阶地,片片相连。这里不但有"半山类型"遗址和墓地,还有马厂和齐家文化的遗址和墓地。

Located on a second-level loess terrace at Ti-pa-p'ing in Kuang-ho County, Kansu Province, the Neolithic cemetery described in this paper was excavated in 1973. It contained a total of sixty-six tombs, all distributed in a spacious manner and showing no signs of superimposition. he tombs are oblong shafts with rounded corners, which measure over 2 metres in length and 1.5—2 metres in width. Each tomb contains a single flex burial but shows no trace attesting to the use of the coffin. A study of fifteen skeletons reveals that they were all adults. The cemetery has yielded a total of 756 pieces of tomb furniture. Of these 10 are tools, 389 are objects of daily use, the rest being ornaments like the bone beads. Among the tools are the stone axe, adze, chisel and whorls of both stone and pottery. The objects of daily use are dominated by painted pottery which accounts for 90% of the pottery unearthed. The shapes include the vase, basin, bottle, bowls etc. The tombs were probably contemporaneous with one another. Distributed over a wide area in Kansu Province, the remains of the painted pottery culture of the 'Pan Shan' Type are more primitive than the remains of the Ma Ch'ang type found at Yüan-yang-ch'ih in Yung-ch'ang County, Kansu Province and Liu-wan in Lo-tu County, Ch'ing-hai Province. The author believes that the remains of the 'Pan Shan Type' probably date from the transition period between the matriarchal commune and the patriarchal commune.