南昌东郊西汉墓

THE WESTERN HAN CEMETERY IN THE EASTERN SUBURB OF NANCHANG

南昌市东郊西汉墓地位于贤士湖南畔的山丘上,东距南浔铁路约0.5公里。这个山丘,因多年开垦,绝大部分已辟为菜地,现在只剩下一个高约5米的小土堆。一九七三年一月间,所在地的塘山公社永河大队畜牧场社员,在平整菜地时,偶尔掘出铜器多件。我馆闻讯后,立即派人前往调查。根据土堆断面上暴露出来的迹象,判断这里应是一片古代墓地。同月下旬,在当地贫下中农的大力协助下,我们对墓地进行发掘。发掘期间,正逢汛期,墓地被淹,工作中断一个时期,至七月间结束这一工作。共发掘西汉墓十三座,唐墓五座,宋墓一座。下面报导的是西汉墓的全部发掘资料。

On a hill along the southern shore of the Hsien-shih Lake in the eastern suburb ofNanchang lies an ancient cemetery.It was excavated by our museum in the spring of1973,resulting in the discovery of thirteen Western Han tombs.The tombs are all earthern shafts,of which only Tombs No.1 No.2 and No.3 areeach provided with a tomb passage.The largest of them,Tombs No.1 and No.14,havetheir wooden chambers covered with charcaol.Tomb No.14 is further provided at itsbotton with a drainage system.All the wooden chambers,coffins and skeletons hadalready disintegrated when excavated.Among the two hundred pieces of tomb furniture unearthed,many have never beenfound before in Kiangsi Province.The bulk of them consists of pottery,accounting forover 60% of the tatal.The pottery are mostly high-fired hard ware with greyish yellowor greyish-green glaze and some are practically identical with the celadons of the SixDynasties in appearance.Their shapes are dominated by the ting-tripod,box,hu-vase andkuan-vase.There are also objects of bronze,soapstone and iron but all the lacquerware hasrotted away,leaving only traces which are still discernable.The structure of these tombs and the shapes of the vessels unearthed are bothmarked by some common features as those found in the Western Han tombs of Changshaand Canton.Most of them date from the Middle Western Han,though a few might beslightly earlier or later.It is the first time that Western Han tombs of such scale havebeen discovered in Kiangsi.Their excavation has provided some concrete data for thestudy of the history of the province in the Western Han period as well as for the studyof the Han tombs found in the province.