华县新石器时代人骨的研究

NEOLITHIC HUMAN SKELETONE UNEARTHED AT HUA-HSIEN,SHENSI

本报告主要是根据北京大学历史系考古专业发掘队于1958年秋及1959年春在陝西华县柳子鎮元君庙发掘出土的人骨,进行研究的結果。其发掘經过和出土遺物,已由該队发表簡报(見《考古》1959年2期和11期),正式报告現正編写中,将由該队另行发表。

The material on which this report is based was recovered from the 1959 excavations at Hua-Hsian, Shensi.A formal report on the excavations will later be made by the Archaeological Team of the Peking University.Most of the bones are rather badly preserved. There are 9 skulls (7 males and 3 females) which could be measured in details and 3 skulls (2 males and 1 female) which could be measured partially. In addition, there are 8 skulls of which only a few measurements could be taken. Long bones that could be used for study include 49 femora, 39 tibiae, 4 humeri, 7 ulnae and 3 radii.The bones represent at least a minimum of 99 individuals. The estimated ages of the skulls seem to indicate that death occurred to this group of people in teenage and young adulthood.Racial type: The racial type of this series of skeleton is mainly Mongoloid. In view of the high vault (Ba-B) and the moderate size of facial width (maximum zygomatic length) they can be classified as the Pacific branch of the Mongoloid or the Southern Mongoloid race in Soviet classification.A comparison with other neolithic skeletons, such as, the Pan P'o series, P'ao Chi series Indo-China series (H. Mansuy et M. Calani), Kansu-Honan series (Black) and the near Lake Baikal series shows that the Hua-Hsien series resembles the Pan P'o and Pao Chi series.Judging from the significant difference in the means of some important characters for racial diagnosis the Hua-Hsien series and Pao Chi series is basicly similar to each other. On the other hand the Hua-Hsien series and Kansu-Honan series are not so close in their physical characters, for the value of 't' in 9 out of 20 characters is significant.The stature is reconstructed according to the formulae evolved by Trotter and Gleiser for the Mongolian race. The estimated average stature for the males of this group is 168.40 cm.The cranial capacity is estimated according to Pearson's formulae. The average cranial capacity of the 7 males is 1489.02 cc. while that of the 2 females is 1342.46 cc.