草测方法,提高草测教学实习质量的方法

METHODS OF AN ESTIMATE AND OF RAISING THE STANDARD OF TEACHING ESTIMATE IN THE FIELD PRACTICE

草测,它是要求在很短的时间内用极其简单的仪器或工具把一定地区的地形平面图测绘出来,从其精确度考虑,一般地说是不及仪器测缯的成果,但是由于它具备了简单、快的优点,所以在许多方面的勘测及野外考察工作对它是十分需要的.当测区困难而范围又不大、测绘目的物轮廓不明显的情况下,它也可以作为各种比例尺仪器测量的辅助办法,但是在选择测区范围大小时,必须考虑到使单测部分在图上能保持对测量所要求的精确度.此外;

The Characteristics of an estimate are its simplicity (not using delicate and expensive apparatus and implements) and speed (quick to complete a map with less labor and time). If properly managed, it could finish an assignment with definite quality. Therefore, it has a practical value for geography, geology and other departments in their field work, especially in this moment of 'great leap forward', it could be more widely utilized.During the processes of an estimate, it merely needs some simple apparatus. Therefore, to manage well the technique, to finish the work with difinite quality, and to enable the beginners to quickly carry the independent work right after the course of study, are common problems of the day. This paper deals with a series of opinions for an estimate, from the implements employed, forms of its organization and methods of raising the quality of the field work, including the following types of an estimate: (1) a small area estimate, using estimate board, alidade, compass etc., (2) a small area estimate using field notebook, compass, etc., (3) a large area estimate and correction, surveying of contour, of an enlarged small scale map, and (4) a route estimate. More detailed study is given to contour line estimate and the like. Besides it suggests four essential parts (an apparatus surveying, an areal estimate of a known region, an areal estimate of an unknown region, and a route estimate) in connection with teaching the estimate in the field in order to raise its standard. The above mentioned methods have been put into practice during the processes of the class work, and of supporting the geological survey work during the nation-wide steel-making period, as well as in the work of the people's commune planning, etc, and they have proved fruitful.The two accompanying maps were done by the freshmen during the period of class field practice.