视觉注意选择性的认知心理学理论研究进展

A Review of Some Cognitive Theories of Visual Selective Attention

对注意选择性及其作用的探讨又具有极大的方法论价值 ,它既涉及许多基于有注意参与的知觉、决策、学习和记忆等重大心理学理论问题 ,又涉及对这些理论的评价以及其他一系列的研究方法的理解 ,本文仅就目前认知心理学关于“基于空间”和“基于客体”两大理论学派的研究进行简要回顾。

Theories of visual selective attention fall into two classes according to the research methods used. Object based theory proposes a limit on the number of separate objects presented simultaneously. Space based theory, such as the mental spotlight model, proposes that at any given moment , attention can only focus on a particular area but conduct full perceptual analysis. The first evidence supporting this theory is the position effect, that is the detection of a stimulus is usually facilitated by prior knowledge of its position. The second evidence is that reaction to a target letter is slowed down by the presence of irrelevant letters in the visual field associated. and the third concerns effects of spatial separation of stimuli that must both be identified. However, the differences between these theories are complicated by the fact that object takes space, and perheps they are not mutually exclusive. In fact, attention involved in visual perpection could be achieved by the combined action of two system, space location and object selection within the space.