关于幼儿对损人行为的道德判断及有关情绪预期的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON MORAL JUDGMENT OF VICTIMIZING BEHAVIOR AND RELEVANT EMOTIONAL ATTRIBUTION IN YOUNG CHILDREN

以幼儿易于理解的有关享用财物的小故事，对４、５、６岁儿童作个别随访，综合考察其已获得的道德知识和道德认知的特点，以及相关情绪预期的情况。结果表明：１．幼儿已经获得了有关社会道德的最初步的知识，并能运用这些日常概念水平的知识对行为作道德判断，其道德认知已出现关心他人利益的成分，自我中心主义不突出；２．幼儿假设自己作为损人者的情绪预期与对故事中损人者的情绪预期之间存在明显差异，道德认知与道德情感脱节的现象在前者未有明显表现，却在后者中显现出来。

The present study interviewed young children aged 4,5,6 with understandable daily life stories and investigated the characteristics of their social moral knowledge,moral judgment and relevant emotional prediction,so as to study the development of young children's moral cognition and moral emotion,and whether they were connected to each other.The results showed: young children did acquire basic knowledge of moral rules in daily life,and judged the moral rights of behavior in terms of these pre-conceptual knowledge;careness for others emerged and obscured the ego-centrism in their moral cognition;it seemed that the young children's moral emotion were apart from their moral cognition in the emotional prediction of story victimizer but not in that of oneself supposed as the victimizer,showing a split between them. The above results indicated that young children's moral cognitive development was influenced by Chinese traditional culture which emphasized moral education and careness to others, as the result their moral emotion emerged earlier; that influenced by the poor perspective-taking abilities,young children's moral emotion was still apart from their moral cognition in the emotional attribution of the story victimizer.