中小学生考试成败归因的研究

ON THE ATTRIBUTION OF SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF PRIMARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN EXAMINATIONS

从小三、初二、高二随机选择有效被试４１０名，探讨了中小学生对考试结果的归因、期望和情感反应的特点。结果发现：（１）中小学生对考试成败原因有不同的认知，年级差异显著，性别差异不显著。（２）失败后的期望显著地高于成功情境，且极显著地认为失败的结果能改变。（３）成功后学生主要产生了感激、自豪与欣慰，失败后主要产生了内疚；成功后的情感反应更强烈。

This study randomly Chose 410 valid testees from the third grade of primary school,the second grade of junior middle school and senior middle school;and probes into the general characteristics of primary and middle school students' attribution to,anticipation of and emotional response to examination results.The findings are:(1).Primary and middle school students have different cause consciousness of success or failure in examinations.The difference among grades is prominent while as the difference between sexes is not so prominent.(2).Anticipation after failure is obviously higher than success situation,and they obviously believe the result of failure can be changed.(3).primary and middle school students mainly have a feeling of gratefulness pride and relief after success,a feeling of compunction after failure.The emotional response after their success is stronger.