摘要
This paper presents the detailed results and analyses on the ecological footprints and bio-capacities of the individual cities and the province as a whole for the year 2001, providing a clear picture of sustainability for the province. Results show that the ecological footprints of most cities in Liaoning exceeded their respective bio-capacities, incurring high ecological deficits. The ecological deficit of the province as a whole was 1.31 ha/cap. Those cities with resources extraction and/or primary material-making as their major industries constitute the "ecologically black band", whose ecological deficits ranged from 2.45 to 5.23 ha/cap, the highest of all cities in the province. Fossil energy consumption was the major source of footprint amounting to 1.63 ha/cap at the provincial level, taking up 67.3% of the total. For cropland, modest ecological surpluses occurred in Jinzhou, Tieling, Huludao, and Panjin while modest ecological deficits in Dalian, Benxi, Fushun, and Dandong, resulting in an overall surplus for the province. Liaoning had a certain level of surplus in fishing ground (water area), mainly distributed in the coastal cities of Dalian, Panjin, Huludao, Yingkou, Jinzhou, and Dandong. Most cities had a small ecological deficit in pasture and all had a small ecological surplus in forest. The eco-efficiency, expressed as GDP value per hectare of footprint, exhibits high variations among the cities, with the highest (Shenyang) more than 10 times the lowest (Fuxin). Cities with manufacture, high-tech, and better developed service industries had high eco-efficiency, while those with resources extraction, primary material-making, and less developed service industries had low eco-efficiency. Based on the components and geographical distribution of ecological footprint, strategic policy implications are outlined for Liaoning’s development toward a sustainable future.
This paper presents the detailed results and analyses on the ecologicalfootprints and bio-capacities of the individual cities and the province as a whole for the year2001, providing a clear picture of sustainability for the province. Results show that the ecologicalfootprints of most cities in Liaoning exceeded their respective bio-capacities, incurring highecological deficits. The ecological deficit of the province as a whole was 1.31 ha/cap. Those citieswith resources extraction and/or primary material-making as their major industries constitute the'ecologically black band', whose ecological deficits ranged from 2.45 to 5.23 ha/cap, the highest ofall cities in the province. Fossil energy consumption was the major source of footprint amountingto 1.63 ha/cap at the provincial level, taking up 67.3% of the total. For cropland, modestecological surpluses occurred in Jinzhou, Tieling, Huludao, and Panjin while modest ecologicaldeficits in Dalian, Benxi, Fushun, and Dandong, resulting in an overall surplus for the province.Liaoning had a certain level of surplus in fishing ground (water area), mainly distributed in thecoastal cities of Dalian, Panjin, Huludao, Yingkou, Jinzhou, and Dandong. Most cities had a smallecological deficit in pasture and all had a small ecological surplus in forest. The eco-efficiency,expressed as GDP value per hectare of footprint, exhibits high variations among the cities, with thehighest (Shenyang) more than 10 times the lowest (Fuxin). Cities with manufacture, high-tech, andbetter developed service industries had high eco-efficiency, while those with resources extraction,primary material-making, and less developed service industries had low eco-efficiency. Based on thecomponents and geographical distribution of ecological footprint, strategic policy implications areoutlined for Liaoning's development toward a sustainable future.
基金
Excellence midlife and youth teacher foundation of Ministry of Education
No.1711
