依恋在发展精神病理学方面的研究

The Studies of Developmental Psychopathology on Attachment

本文介绍了依恋在发展精神病理学领域的研究情况。依恋的最初的研究就是看到了它在发展精神病理学上的危险性,在后来的陌生情境测验中,人们发现了两种重要的不安全依恋类型,探讨了不安全依恋的成因、不安全依恋与后期发展的关系。近几年,人们又发现了一种新的依恋类型,混乱型不安全依恋,这是一种最不安全的依恋类型。在依恋的高危儿童中,研究最多的是被虐待的儿童和母亲患有抑郁症的儿童,与正常儿童相比,他们更容易形成不安全依恋,尤其是混乱型不安全依恋。除了依恋本身的障碍,许多精神病理症状都与依恋方面的问题有关。从发展精神病理学的角度研究依恋,具有重要的意义,它可以揭示异常的经验与精神病理过程对儿童发展过程中阶段性的突出问题的影响,有助于人们回答有关正常发展的重要问题,也有益于对依恋问题的干预和指导。

Psychopathology is one of the domains of attachment study. It was the risk for Psychopathology that facilitated Bowlby’s Pioneer studies on human attachment.In Stranges Situation Tests, two insecure attachment patterns were found. The relative contribuitions of maternal sensitivity and child temperament to the development of secure and insecure and the relations between insecure attachment and the following problem behaviours were sdudied. In recent years researchers have found a new attachment pattern named disorgnized or disoriented attachmnent. Among high — risk samples,maltreated children and the offsprings of depressed mother attract the attention of researchers. Compared with ordinary sample, these children were prone to insecure attachment, especially disorgnized or disoriented attachment. In addition to insecure attachment, many mental deseases have relations to attachment. It is important to study attachment from the viewpoint of Psychopathology. Research on attachment in psychopathological populations can delimite the effect that deviante experience and pathological processes have upon the stage—salient issues, provide opportunity to answer important questions about the organization of normal develpoment and help to intervene and trat product problems relevant to attachment.