军队初级指挥官PM领导行为类型的研究——与中、日企业领导行为的比较

A research on PM leadership behavior in military officers —A comparison with Chinese and Japanese enterprise

本研究采用日本三隅二不二教授的PM领导行为理论 ,用中国修订版的PM量表对 2 64名初级军官的领导行为类型进行了评定 ,并与对中、日企业界的有关研究结果进行了比较 ,目的是研究初级军官所特有的领导行为特征以及与其相对应的情境因素。研究结果显示 :①在军事组织中 ,PM型是较理想的领导类型 ,其次为P型。这与中、日企业的结果有所不同。②方差分析结果表示 ,在与领导行为类型相关的八项情境因素中 ,初级军官在工作激励、连队满意度、团队精神和会议成效等因子上高于中、日企业界 ;但在心理卫生、对待遇满意度、信息沟通和绩效规范等因子上均低于中国企业界。③ χ2 分析结果显示 ,三种组织与四种PM行为类型之间在六项情境因素上的差异显著 ,提示三种组织在领导行为和情境因素上各有其特点 ;另外 ,与军事指挥官领导行为类型关系最为密切的是工作激励因素和团队精神 ,这是军事集团突出的特征之一。④中、日企业界在会议成效和信息沟通两因素上的差异较大 ,反映了两国在企业管理方面不同的特点。

The performance maintenance (PM) theory of leadership was introduced into China in early 1980s and provides a theoretical framework for understanding leadership effectiveness.In the PM questionnaire, there are three subscales.Two scales are designed to measure the effectiveness of leadership: performance (P) with 10 items and maintenance (M) with 10 items. Another scale (40 items) is used to evaluate situational criterion variables, such as work motivation, satisfaction with income, working environment, mental hygiene, teamwork, efficiency of meeting, information used in enterprise management counseling and diagnosis. The PM scores were often used as a selfmeasure in managerial training. Recent studies indicated that the questionnaire has a high reliability and validity , but no research result was reported on its application in military training and selection.This research used the 'Performance Maintenance(PM) questionnaire on leadership behavior' to evaluate the management effectiveness of military officer, and then to compare PM scores of military officers with managers in Chinese and Japanese enterprise.The result indicated that: (1) the PM type was the best one among the four types (PM, P, M & pm) in military , and the P type was better than M and pm type. The results were different from those of Chinese and Japanese enterprises ; (2) the scores of elementary army officer were higher than those of enterprise leader on the situational variables such as working motivation, the teamwork, the meeting efficiency and the working environment; (3) the scores of working motivation and the teamwork were very important indexes to military organization, which was also different from the results of enterprise; (4) the Japanese scores were higher than those of Chinese on the situational variables of the meeting efficiency and information communication in enterprise. The research could provided us with some beneficial information for improving the leadership style of elementary military officer.