关于商品价值理论的再认识

A Reevaluation of Commodity Value Theories

马克思主义理论一向认为,价值是由抽象劳动决定的,即价值决定于生产该商品所耗费的社会必要劳动;而西方学者则认为价值取决于商品效用或边际效用.其实,商品是价值和使用价值的统一体.效用价值论固然存在一系列在理论上难以作出解释的矛盾,而劳动价值论把社会必要劳动仅仅局限于直接从事商品生产所耗费的劳动,从而把组织劳动、产品销售及其他直接或间接与商品生产有关的劳动通通抽象掉了,在社会主义市场经济条件下也令人费解.把劳动价值论和效用价值论在一定意义上结合起来,显然能使价值理论更切合实际.

According to Marxism, value is determined by abstract labor, that is to say , the value depends on social necessary labor wasted in the cause of production; but the western learners hold that value confirms to the commodity effectiveness and marginal utility . In fact , commodity is the combination of value and use value. The effectiveness value theory is full of contradictions that are difficult to explain. According to labor value theory, social necessary labor is confined to labor which is used up when producing. Therefore, theorganization of production, sales and other labor. Which are related to production, directly or indirectly , are all abstracted. Which is inexplicable even in the light of socialist market economy. To some extent, the combination of labor value theory and effectiveness theory will make the value theory more practical.