大力发展心理学的应用研究

Some Views on Applied Psychology Study

本文第一部分介绍了近年来应用心理学研究在我国的发展 ,分析了迅速发展的原因 ;第二部分围绕“电视与人类认知”,总结了作者近年来在应用心理学方面的研究成果 ;第三部分介绍了作者的研究心得与体会 ,包括 :1提高对心理学应用研究的认识 ;2摆好基础研究与应用研究的关系 ;3综合运用心理学的研究方法 ;4着力培养应用型心理学人才。

During the past decade, applied psychology developed rapidly in China and has had its practical implications for education , health , industry , management and others. A series of applied and basic research has been done by the author , which include : 1. The cognitive mechanism of television viewing and children's comprehension of television .The results showed that 5 year old children were able to allocate their attention effectively. They could process information on television and adjust their attention patterns according to understanding of program while playing TV toys . This finding supported the claim that children process information on television actively. Peng et al. (1994) studied children's attention to and comprehension of explicit and implicit information from television . Children's comprehension of implicit information was unrelated to their visual attention, whereas the comprehension of explicit information was dependent on visual attention . Thus processing of implicit information was also naturally active and concept driven. Processing of explicit information was naturally active and concept driven . Wang and Peng (1992), investigated the influence of humorous programs on TV for childrens . It was found that inserting humorous segments in educational television programs had a significant effect on information processing, both facilitating and inhibiting. Peng, Huang and Huang(1989)studied factors affecting remembering and understanding of television news. Their results showed that 1) television news was more effective than broadcast news;2)for television,memory of world news was better than that of local news; for broadcasting, there was no difference between the two kinds of news ; 3)memory of local news without Chinese subtitles was better than that with subtitles . Peng et al.(1989,1993) also studied the factors influencing the effect of television advertisement, which included novelty, length, presence of figures and repetition times of the advertisement, motivation, gender, and educational level of consumers . 2. The influence of television on children's cognitive development .Peng and Zhang (1990) made a nation wide investigation of television viewing for preschool children in six big cities in China . The findings showed that television had a greater positive effect than negative effect on children in our country . Television is advantageous to knowledge expanding and intelligence development, but it diminish a outdoor activity and disrupts children's normal rest and sleeping . Chen and Peng (1994)studied children's word learning from television . This research found that viewing cartoons with subtitles in natural settings was helpful for incidental learning of Chinese characters . Peng, Jiang and Ding et al. studied the aid of television media for children's foreign language learning. They found that for children, viewing television program was beneficial to vocabulary acquisition and enhancement of listening, speaking and reading abilities. 3.Construct on of quality evaluation system for television program From 1989 to 1991, Peng, Huang, Huang and He cooperated with CCTV station to set up the evaluation systems for television news, advertisement and special subjects. The common procedures of study included selecting a validity criterion, determining evaluated features, constructing a mathematical model describing the relationship between the validity criterion and the features, and testing the validity of the model . They (1994) studied communicating effect of television cartoons and constructed a causal model for television cartoons evaluation with LISREL 7.16 software .