关于中国、日本大学生应激行为的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Stress-Coping Behaviors between Chinese and Japanese University students

本研究借助社会支持系统的研究成果 ,以调查法对当今大学生的应激源、应激行为及其机制进行了探讨 ,主要获得以下结果 :1中日被试具有相同的因素模型 ;2本研究采用的八类心理压力源基本上概括了当今中日大学生日常生活中出现的各类心理障碍 ;3心理压力与社会支持系统之间存在负相关 ,即 :越倾向于认为自己容易得到社会性支持系统帮助的学生 ,越不容易感受到心理压力 ;4中日大学生心理应激行为特征存在显著差异。

The last decade saw many studies on the relationship between stress coping behaviors and the social support system. As a useful concept and a valid scale, social support system is very valuable in the study of stress coping, but it mainly relys on those who would seek assistance or accept advices from others in stress situations rather than those who engage in active behavior. In this research, we regard the use of the social support system as one of the stress coping behavior, and compare its effects with other types of stress coping behavior.The study investigated daily life related stress sources among university students, and analyzed the coping behavior and its mechanism. Through cross culture comparisons, the study was designed to explore the differences of stress coping behaviors, and to identify the effects of cultural factors in stress situations. To identify the stress sources in everyday life, a pilot study with open ended questionnaire was conducted, and the survey was carried out among 44 Chinese and 186 Japanese normal university students, who attended mainly at 3rd or 4th grade, with the consideration that the students at higher grade would face more stresses. Based on the analysis of the pre survey, a formal questionnaire was constructed, and was translated into Chinese by a back translation method. The experimental design is as follows. 1.8 kinds of stress sources :A.career development ; B.problems of study ;C.interpersonal relationship; D.leisure life;E.personality; F.problems of sex;G.teachers and lessons; H.family and parents. All were measured on a 5 point scale. 2.5 types of stress coping behaviors: A. to take positive coping actions; B.to escape; C.to seek or accept helps from others ; D. to bear the hardship; E. to wait and look. The subjects were asked to choose one from the five trials. 3.The survey of social support system (made by Wada, 1992)includes 15 items, using 4 point scale. 4.The survey of A type consists of 7 items,using 4 point scale. The main results suggested: (1) according to factor analysis of social support system (15 items ), there is a single factor structure, and the factor load patterns are similar between Chinese and Japanese subjects. The reliability (a coefficients )of the scales is relatively high.(2) The 8 kinds of stress sources in the questionnaire covered the most of stress situations in everyday life. The frequencies of facing stress, are highest for “career development”and “teachers and lessons”. The results of ANOVA(table 2) showed there were some differences between students in the two countries and cross sex. Female Japanese students faced more stress and worry more about their future. (3)Table 3 gives the results of the relationship among the above three surveys:there is a negative correlation between stress sources and A type characteristics for female Japanese students. (4) By comparing the patterns of stress coping behaviors between Chinese and Japanese students (table 4), it was found that there was a tendency towards “passiveness”among Japanese students who (both male and female )usually tend to take passive actions, e.g. escaping, waiting, bearing and so on, and the difference between Chinese and Japanese students was significant(P<0.05).