认知事件相关电位P300与儿童的智力水平和年龄特征

Cognitive Event Related Potential P300 in Children Intelligence and Age Characteristic

诱发电位 (EP) ,亦称事件相关电位 (ERP) ,是神经系统活动功能的电生理指标。认知事件相关电位 P3 0 0 作为反映个体大脑认知功能的神经电生理的重要指标已经被许多有关研究所采纳。本研究从神经电生理的角度 ,一方面对认知事件相关电位 P3 0 0 与儿童的智力水平的关系进行测查 ,一方面对认知事件相关电位 P3 0 0 的年龄特点进行研究 ,以期了解和说明儿童认知发展的神经电生理基础及其年龄特征。实验表明 :儿童智力水平与 P3 0 0 各成分潜伏期呈负相关 ,与反映认知功能的主要指标 P3 的负相关达到非常显著水平 (P 【0 .0 0 1 ) ,与 P3 0 0 各成分的振幅基本呈正相关 ,儿童不同智力水平之间 ,其反应认知功能的主要指标 P3 的潜伏期差异非常显著。儿童青少年 P3 0 0 的各潜伏期的发展总趋势随年龄增长而下降。其中 ,P3 的潜伏期随年龄增长而下降的趋势更为明显。P3 的振幅则随年龄增长而增大。六个年龄组间 P3 0 0 各成分差异均达到非常显著水平 (P 【0 .0 0 1 )。

When the human brain is processing information, bioelectrical changes can be recorded by event potential (EP) or event related potentials(ERP).The P300 is an important indicator reflecting the cognitive function of the human brain. It has been used in many psychological studies. Cognitive development of children, especially intelligence development has its own physiological bases. Hence, the age characteristics of Children's mental development should also be closely related with the neuroelectrical features. This study consisted of two steps: The first step was to study the relation between the P 300 and children's intelligence. The second was to study the neuroelectrical features and age characteristics of children's cognitive development. Subjects who participated in the experiment were divided into 6 age groups: group 1 consisted of 28 younger children, with the average age of 6 years; group 2 consisted of 29 pupils at grade 2, with an average age of 8.5 years; group 3 consisted of 32 pupils at grade 5, with the average age of 11.5 years; group 4 consisted of 35 junior high school students, with the average age of 14.5 years; group 5 consisted of 35 senior high school students, with the average age of 17.5 years; group 6 consisted of 35 university students, with average age of 21 years. All subjects were right handed. The equipment used in the experiment was the Evoked Potential Compact Four (made in USA). The Raven progressive matrix was used to measure subjects' intelligence. The results of the experiment were as follows: 1. There was a negative correlation between the child's intelligence and the latencies of the ERP, and the correlation between the children's intelligence and P 300 latency was very significant (P<0.001). Correlation of the children's intelligence with the amplitudes of the ERP was positive. 2. The variation of P 300 latency was significant (P<0.005) among the children with different intelligence development level . 3. General trend of P 300 development of children was that the latency of the ERP dropped with age increased. Specially, P 300 latency dropped rapidly with age increased, whereas P 300 amplitude went up obviously with age increased. 4. The differences of P 300 latency and amplitude between the six age groups were significant (P< 0.001 ).