睡虎地秦简日书《诘咎篇》研究

A STUDY INTO THE "JI JU PLAN"("诘咎篇") OF THE QIN BAMBOO DATE-RECKONING BOOK FROM SHUIHUDI

《诘咎篇》是睡虎地秦简日书中字数最多的一个单篇。它历数制服鬼怪的种种方法,内容丰富,在日书中别具一格,值得深入研究。据笔者所见,到目前为止,研究本篇的成果只有如下三种:饶宗颐先生在1982年出版的《云梦秦简日书研究》中根据发掘报告所附释文,对本篇作了简略论述;中山大学的郑刚同志在1989年提交的硕士学位论文《〈睡虎地秦简日书疏证〉导论》中根据发掘报告所附释文并对照原简照片,对本篇进行了注释,文章尚未正式发表;睡虎地秦墓竹简整理小组在1990年出版的《睡虎地秦墓竹简》精装本中对日书作了新的释文,并加以注释,其中对《诘咎篇》作了80条注。本文拟以《睡虎地秦墓竹简》精装本的释文为依据,对《诘咎篇》作一综合研究。首先将对整理小组未加注释的词句进行注释,对整理小组在释文、断句和注释方面存在的一些不足之处加以修订;然后将对本篇的内容进行全面论述。

The bamboo Date-reckoning Book of the Qin period from Shuihudi is divided into two volumes: the first consists of 24 chapters; the second, 6 chapters. Among them he 'Ji Ju Pian' is the largest in space. Literally, there is only the character 'ji' (诘) in the title; actually, it stands for the word 'ji ju' (诘咎) which occurs at the beginning of the text and means eliminating disasters and praying for happiness, expelling ghosts and exorcising evil spirits. As the Book is difficult to read for its archaism and abstruseness, notes and commetries are presented in this paper on the ground of the decipherment of The Bamboo Slips from a Qin Tomb at Shuihudi so that this chapter can fully be understand. Through deciphering and commenting work it is gknown that ghosts and spirits haunting human beings were classified and denominated at that time, what disasters they brought about, and how people countered them. Prom the point of view of modern science, the so-called ghosts and evil spirits were only imagination, and the way of dealing with them, in fact, was the reproduction of methods of overcoming enemies, natural disasters and disease. The means of subduing ivel beings, of course, couldn't be out of the limits of human life. It is interesting that the methods of eliminating troubles caused by ivel beings which are stated in the 'Ji Ju Pian' share a commonness, i.e. all should be done by the sufferer himself, and there isn't any word mentioning wizard's activities of expelling ghosts and exorcising evil spirits. In the opinion of the author, this is a distinctive feature of the Book. The compiler's aim was to collect the then date-reckoner's proceedings for the reader to look up, so the Book must have featured practicality and exemplarity, aThe whole contents of the 'Ji Ju Pian' is similar to those of the Lun Heng: Jie Chu Pian (《论衡·解除篇》) by Wang Chong and have the purpose to teach the methods of countering ghosts rather than to talk about the evil beings themselves.