论“主语”

On "Subject"

本文回顾并分析了自古希腊柏拉图以来关于主语定义及其有关问题的一些较有影响的理论,讨论了为什么主语常与施事、主题和已知信息等概念联系在一起,阐述了所谓“心理主语”、“语法主语”和“逻辑主语”等名称的含义、由来及其相互间的关系,最后就究竟如何看待各种具体语言(如汉语)中的主语提出了一些意见。 主语、主题、施事。

This article, reviewing some major issues raised around the definition of subject (vs. predicate) inthe history of linguistics, discusses why subject is often associated with notions like 'agents','topic' and 'given information', and tries to trace the implications, interrelations and origins ofsuch terms as 'grammatical subject', 'logical subject', and 'psychological subject'. Suggestionsare also made as to how to look upon subject and predicate in particular languages suchas Chinese.