放眼世界市场 参与竞争合作——“中国经济走向世界”研讨会发言荟萃

Looking out into Global Markets Taking Part in Competition and Cooperation——A Collection of the Speeches at the Symposium Titled“China’s Economy Opening to the Outside World”

本刊编辑部于10月12日至13日在北京举办了“中国经济走向世界”研讨会,来自研究机构、经济金融部门、大专院校的专家、学者以及从事实际经济活动的企业界总裁、总经理等50余人出席。

On October 12-13 about 50 participants from various institutions of international studies, colleges and universities, commercial communities and press circles joined the Symposium sponsored by the editorial department of Contemporary International Relations.Centering on 'China's Economy Opening to the Outside World', their warm and revelationai discussions covered following main points.1. International Environment for China's Economy Opening to the Outside World. Generally speaking, in present international environment China is confronted with both opportunities and challenges, but since the former are more numerous than the latter, surrounding conditions are favorable for China's economy to open to the outside world and join in international competition.Opportunities are manifested in four aspects:(1) In order to improve their gloomy economic situation, Western countries set store by developing economic and trade relations with Asian countries, of which China is a big power of this region possessing a huge potential with the vigorous momentum of economic growth;(2) The fact that it is comparably stable politically and the rate of economic growth is high in East Asian Region, will be conducive to expand economic cooperation and exchange on the basis of equality and mutual benefit:(3) Being in the process of economic transformation and beset with numerous troubles, many of the commonwealth of independent states including Russia are seriously in short of consumer goods, a big complementarity exists between these countries and China, which can meet their above-mentioned needs;(4) The countries of moderate and low level of development in the Third World are endeavoring to carry out economic reform and adjustment in order to improve their economy, some products, service and technological equipment of China are in line with their requirements.Challenges stem from the following sides:(1) In wake of the global trend of regionalism and grouping, protectionism and exclusivism will be sure to come out ev- erywhere, this is certain to be in the way of China's economy to open further to the outside world; (2) Against the background of laying strategic emphasis on developing technology and economy generally by almost every country in the world, international competition will be inevitable to become more intensified, in which the curbing and exclusive factors will increase among the competitive sides concerned; (3) As a new international economic order of equality and mutual benefit hasn't been established, and China hasn't restored its position as signatory to GATT, the factors hindering the smooth unfolding of China's economy to the international arena will be difficult to vanish.2. The Status Quo of China's Economy Opening to the Outside World.In strict sense China's economy starting to open to the outside world just from 1979, a beginning year of its economic reform, the status quo is:(1) Multi-pluralist pattern of foreign economy and trade has come into being preliminarily, and up to 1992 China has established economic and trade relations with 221 countries in the world.(2) Commodity's exports have increased rapidly in sizable volume, but their distribution is uneven, and they still need improvement in quality and level; the size of other export items is still small in spite of some growth in amount. In 1992, the total value of China's foreign trade reached US $ 85bn, an increase eight times that of early 1979 , and its trading rank had soared to the 11th from the 32nd by that year. But 75 percent of current foreign markets are in Hong Kong, U. S. A. , Japan and a few West European countries. At the same time, the volumes of business, investment and techonology-export contract are rather limited, and they are respectively US $ 2. 8bn, US $ 1.85bn and US $ 1. 51bn.(3) China's economic relations with relevant countries in the world are focused on bilateral trade, its participation in the multilateral economic cooperation of Asian region is just in the beginning and in an exploratory period, and lacks necessary machnism. Although most of the cooperated projects will take time in being implemented, the multilateral cooperation is full of vitality for the construction of substructure and exploiting natural resources.3. How to Speed Up the Pace to Join in the World Economic Performance by China?(1) It is necessary to deepen the reform in the administrative structure and managerial structure of China's foreign economy and trade, perfect macro-coordi- nation system and impel the relevant enterprises proceed in the direction of grouping, industrialization and internationalized management.(2) We should continue to make full use of the superiority of China's commodities by enhancing the production and export of textiles, art and handicraft products, products of machine ?electricity and complete sets of equipment, and to upgrade their quality and level. Meanwhile the process of the industrialization and commercialization of scien ?techonological achievements should be quickened and new high ?lech products should be exploited. So far, in China over 50 high ?Lech development zones have been approved to found, and more than 100 institutes and a-cademies of studies have gained managerial right in foreign trade. This is bound to push the conversion of scien ?techonology into productivity.(3) While practising pluralism in seeking overseas markets in an effort to alter the state of foreign trade overassembling on a few areas and countries, we need to go in for investigation and surveying into overseas markets.(4) We have to stimulate the combination of foreign trade with external technological cooperation and that of bilateral economic cooperation with multilateral economic cooperation.(5) Finally, in going out to the outside world, it is imperative to restore China's position as signatory to GATT and to set up a new international economic order of equality and mutual benefit.