法国的欧洲战略陷入困境

France:Dilemma in Its European Strategy

一在东西方冷战期间,法国巧妙地利用美苏争霸的矛盾,大力推行坚持独立自主、谋求大国地位的外交战略,力争达到两个目标:(1)使法国在欧共体乃至整个西欧确立政治上的主导地位;(2)使法国以中等国家的实力在国际事务中发挥大国作用。法国的这一“大国战略”取得了一定的成效。然而,德国统一、苏联解体、两极体系瓦解后,法国的国际环境和地位发生重大变化,使它不得不在新的形势下制订新的政治战略。密特朗总统提出的“小联邦”、“大邦联”的设想,既是他为冷战后欧洲新秩序设计的一个大框架,也是法国为了在冷战后的国际格局中保持大国地位尤其是在欧洲联合进程中继续发挥主导作用的一项战略抉择。

With the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the collapse of the world bipolar system, great changes have taken place both in situations and conditions for France to pursue'great power strategy',and its international status is confronted with severe challenges; Among the West alliance, since the United States, Germany and Japan have appeared to tend to share leadership, France fears to be degraded in its international status; Tn Europe, a more powerful and upgrading united Germany has put France in danger of losing its original political supriority over other countries. In such a case, as it seeks its proper position in the new environment, France has to Lay strategic focus on Europe in its foreign affairs, therefore, Mr. Mitterran worked out a conception of'a small federation'and'a big confederation'in rebuilding Europe. But, it finds itself beset with difficulties to put this conception into effect, due to the strong European nationalist sentiment. It is caught in a dilemma on the issues of Franco-US relations, its Gorman policy and its stance on independent nuclear deterent forces.