90年代中国的经济改革和对外开放

China：Economic Reform and Opening to the Outside World in the 1990s

以邓小平1992年初在中国南方视察时的讲话为指针,中国共产党第十四次全国代表大会明确提出经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制。从此,中国的经济体制改革进入了一个新的阶段,即全面深化改革和开放、到本世纪末初步建立起一个有中国特色的社会主义经济体制的时期。这个阶段的进展如何,对于中国的经济社会发展乃至世界经济的增长,都将产生重要而深远的影响。在中国这样一个幅员辽阔、人口众多的国家,要从原有的社会主义计划经济体制,改为社会主义市场经济体制,对整个经济组织管理体制和运行机制进行巨大的变革。

In the 1990s, China will put the stress on promoting the economic reform in the following two aspects:1, The preliminary establishment of a new system of the socialist market economy. China will place emphasis on developing the markets of production factors, especially the markets of finance and labour, in order to set up a nationwide unified and comparatively perfect market system; devoting more efforts to expanding the rural enterprises with the aim of establishing a new system of ownerships in which public ownership holds a dominant position and various of ownerships are coexistent; spreading stock system in the state — owned enterprises so as to regulate the property relations of the state-owned enterprises; and clarifying the interest relations of every side for the purpose of establishing a distribution system which enables every social member enjoy the necessary social insurance.2, The gradual emergence of a multi-leveled, multi-channedled and multilateral pattern of opening to the outside world. China will extend the open areas from the coastal cities to the border areas, some cities along the Yangtze River and inland, actively widen the fields and forms of attracting more foreign capitals, deepen external trade reform and promptly build up a new type of system of socialist external trade which conforms with the general standards of international trade.