韩国外向型经济发展的经验与教训

Development of ROK's Outside-oriented Economy: Experience and Lessons

60年代初以来,韩国不失时机地利用西方国家调整经济结构的机会,积极推行外向型经济发展战略,大力促进加工工业,增加出口创汇,迅速摆脱了贫困落后的局面,加快了工业化和现代化的进程,被誉为亚洲“四小龙”之一。据统计,最近30年,韩国经济年均增长8％,国民生产总值从1962年的23.2亿美元增加到1991年的2808亿美元,人均国民生产总值从87美元增加到6498美元,分别增长120倍和74倍,现居世界第15和第26位。随着经济的持续高速增长,韩国的产业结构得到明显改善。从1962年至1990年,第一、二、三产业产值占国民生产总值的比重,分别由43.3％、11.1％、45.6％变为9.3％、31.1％、59.6％。

Over the past 30 years, ROK has los,t no time in taking advantage of an opportunity of Westcrn structural adjustments, actively pursuing an outside-oriented strategy of economic development, getting rid of poverty and backwardness rapidly, speeding up the process of industrialization, and leaping forward to top the Asian 'Four Smalls'.Practice shows that ROK implemented its development strategy and supplementary measures in accordance with its own national conditions and the objective laws of outside-oriented economy. Its proper handle of the relationship between planning and market,and timely adjustment of its economic guidelines and management ways according to the changes in international economic situations have helped to bring about its sustained economic surge and the optimal ization of its industrial structure and maintain constant vitality for its national economy.The advent of the 1990s confronts ROK with a serious challange, derived from the changed international economic environment and the inherent fragility of its outsideoriented economy. Taking into consideration of these circumstances,ROK has made timely readjustment in its development polices and economic structure so as to ensure stable and coordinative economic growth in pursuit of joining the rank of developed countries in the coming decade.At a time when China is deepening its reform and opening, the experience and lessons of sustained high-speed growth of ROK' outside-oriented economy, together with its efficient way of the export-driven economic surge of its national economy, have offered us much for thought.