国际经济环境对非洲经济发展的影响

Impact of World Economic Environmei i on African Economic Growth

非洲是世界上遭受殖民统治最为严重和时间最长的地区,到第二次世界大战结束时,全非洲只有埃及、埃塞俄比亚和利比里亚三个独立国家。50、60年代,大多数非洲国家获得独立;1990年3月21日纳米比亚共和国的成立标志着非洲殖民统治的历史彻底结束。

The two features of African economy, single-produc structure and the heavy dependence of its economy on the outside world, shaped by. centuries-long colonial domination, have brought about serious problems, particularly in the following three aspects: (1) The trade conditions are deteriorating dad by day. As a result of economic recession in the western developed countries, the transformation of industrial structure, the progress of science and technology and the emergence of the new materials, the demand of world market on primary products such as agricultural and mineral products is obviously on the decline. Under such circumstances it is inevitable that the price of these products continues to drop while that of to-be-imported manufactured goods keeps rising. (2) The capital flowing to Africa from world financial market are on the decrease. In recent years, there are yet such cases as of capital flight out of Africa. Many African countries are debt-ridden. By the end of 1990 the total of African foreign debts has reached $ 271.9 billions. Many African countries manage to make both ends meet by borrowing new debts for paying old ones, thus leaving them in severly short of development capital. (3) With regards to formulating and Implementing economic development strategy and policy, African Countries are constantly influenced by Western economic theories and thoughts and even under political pressure. This often makes African development strategies to be divorced from where Africa's reality lies.