农村工业化过程中的社区政府:权力与利益的分化

Community Governments under Rural Industrialization: Differentiation of Power and Interests

自70年代以来,以联产承包责任制改革为先导,中国农村经历了一场极为深刻的历史性变迁。在这场波澜壮阔的历史变革中,乡镇企业异军突起、蓬勃发展,成为百余年来中国农村中最动人心弦的重大事件之一。改革以来农村工业化的迅速兴起和成功发展有着其深刻的历史原因和国情根源,因而有不同于其它国家和地区以及不同于改革前的特征。现阶段农村工业化的一个显著特征是它的相对封闭性,即工业化不仅相对地封闭在城乡两大社会系统内各自展开,而且相对地封闭在一个个以行政区划为边界的大大小小的社区内各自展开。

Ever since the late 1970', heralded by the reform of the contracted responsibility system with remuneration linked to output, the Chinese rural areas have undergone a profound historic transition. The rapid rise and successful development of rural industrialization after the beginning of reform found its root in profound historical and specific domestic conditions and is thus endowed with different features from those of other countries, other regions and pre-reform periods. The considerable differentiation bewteen the various rural communities in China arises from the different social,economic, cultural and geographical conditions in which each community finds itself; and from the consequent difference in the levels and modes of industrialization. This essay analyses the process, causes, features and mechanism of the differentiation of power and interest patterns in the community governments as the subject of rural industrialization, thus displaying the great changes in the social structure of the Chinese countryside or even of the whole Chinese society as a result of rural industrialization since the beginning of reform.