认知与外语学习

Cognitive view of foreign language learning

本文在考察语言处理过程中的各种认知制约后,主要讨论外语学习中与语言知识有关的三个根本问题: (1)第二语言系统的建立及其与第一语言系统的关系。这个问题可以从语言共同性的角度,特别是通过分析第一语言、第二语言和学生过渡语的标记性设置来解决。 (2)第二语言系统中明示知识和隐含知识的关系。认知科学把知识分为陈述性和程序性两种,陈述性(明示)知识和程序性(隐含)知识互相依存,而且前者可以通过练习转换成后者。意识在语言技能的习得方面起重要的作用。 (3)第二语言系统中各个子系统之间的关系。连接主义的、特别是平行分布处理的模型对语言学习和使用有重要的启发作用。

After examining the various aspects of cognitive constraints in language processing, the paperdiscusses three basic problems of linguistic knowledge. (1) How is the L2 system established as related to an L1 system? The problem can be tackledby means of linguistic universals, by analyzing the mark. ednoss setting of L1, L2, and the learner'sinte. language. (2) What is the relationship between explicit and implicit knowledge in the L2 system? Thelare dependent on each other in terms of the cognitive dichotomy of declarative and proceduralknowledge. Declarative (explicit) knowledge can be converted into procedural (implicit) knowledgethrough practice, and consciousness has an important part to play in the acquisition of linguisticskills. (3) what is the relationship among the various subsystems in the L2 system? The interactionist,especially the PDP (Parallel Distributed Processing) approach has important implications for lan-guage learning and use.