樊迪高低杠向前大回环振浪技术的运动生物力学分析

The Biomechanical Analysis of Fan Di'S Whip-swing Skill of Forward Grand Circle on Uneven Parallel Bars

向前大回环振浪技术是发展高低杠动作的先导基本技术,也是衡量运动员高低杠技术水平的主要标志。用固定高速摄影(100格/s)、影片数字化和计算机数据处理等方法,对世界冠军樊迪等5名运动员的向前大回环振浪技术进行运动学和动力学分析。结果表明:1)樊迪的技术与众不同,符合运动生物力学原理和体操技术特点,代表了高低杠难度技术发展的新趋势,可供广泛借鉴和运用。2)在振浪技术中,过杠和沉肩两个环节是关键;不同的重心位置和身体姿势以及过杠、沉肩时间的早晚都会对其它环节产生截然不同的影响。3)身体摆越低杠时,头部和肩、髋关节角度的变化,可反映出过杠技术的优劣,并直接影响整个振浪技术。

The whip—swing skill of forward grand circle is both a basic technique indevoloping difficult movements and a primarily important aspect in evaluatinggymnasts' technical level on uneven bars.This research will provide scientific basisfor initiating a series of new difficult movements.The whip—swing performances of world champion Fan Di and other four gymnastswere filmed with DV 16 high speed camera(100fps).The recorded films wereanalyzed with a TYS—1 Motion Picture Analyzer.The data were smoothed using adigital filter.The results of the study are as follows.1)Fan Di's skill is out of the ordinaryand conforms to the sport biomechanic principle and gymnastic skill characteristics.Her technique represents the new trends in devoloping difficult movements on unevenbars and can be widely used for reference.2)In the whip—swing skill,the segmentof keeping shoulder down is of extreme importance.The varied Position of gravitycentre and physical posture as well as the fact that whether the performance ofkeeping shoulder down starts earlier or later can all exert a great influence on othersegments.3)During the time when legs pass over lower bar,the changes of head,the joint angles of shoulder and hip can not only indicate whether the pass—over—baris excellent or not but also have direct influence on the whole whip—swing skill.