应用尿蛋白评定运动员的身体机能状态

PROTEINURIA AS INDEX TO EVALUATE THE BODY FUNCTION OF PLAYERS

以尿总蛋白、白蛋白、β_2-微球蛋白、NAG 酶为主要指标,辅以血乳酸、血尿素、血红蛋白、尿胆原等指标,对短跑、中长跑、竞走、拳击、现代五项、击剑等项目运动员和大学生进行了研究。结果表明,运动后尿蛋白总量、白蛋白和β_2-微球蛋白的排泄量不但和运动强度有关,还与血乳酸水平和持续时间长短有关。在运动性蛋白尿的类型中,在强度大的间歇训练,以肾小球—肾小管型为主;在耐力训练的持续性长时间训练中,以肾小球型为主。在恢复期中,以β_2—微球蛋白恢复最慢。NAG 酶在运动后排泄与训练水平、训练方法、机能水平等有关。尿胆原可作为恢复过程的指标。提出关于应用尿蛋白评定机能状态时选用的指标的参考意见。

In this study,total proteinuria,albumin,β_2-microglobulin andN-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)of the players in the events ofsprint,middle and long distance running,walking,boxing,pentathlonand fencing and the college students were measured as the major indexes.Blood lactid acid,blood urea,hemoglobin and urobilinogenuria were alsomeasured.The results indicated that the excretory amount of total pro-teinuria,albumin and β_2-microglobulin after exercise were not only rela-ted to the intensity of exercise,but also to the level of lactic acid andthe duration of exercise.As to the pattern of exercise-induced proteinuria,for heavy load,intermittent training,it mainly took the pattern of glo-meruius——uriniferous tubules,for long duration,endurance training,itmainly took the pattern of glomerulus.During the recovery period,β_2-microglobulin was the slowest to recover.The excretory NAG after ex-ercise was related to the level and method of training and the level of func-tion.Urobilinogenuria may be used as an index of the recovery period.The study explains the selection of index when using proteinuria inevaluating the body function of players.