论鸦片战争至辛亥革命前中国传统体育的发展变化

On the Changes of the Development of Chinese Traditional Physical Culture from the Opium War to the Revolution of 1911

鸦片战争至辛亥革命前,中国传统体育的发展有三种不同情况:(1)武术作为中国人民反封建反侵略的战斗手段空前发展,造成众多拳械门派迅速传播,并逐渐由农村转向城市。义和团运动后,社会上团结武林同道,研习传授武术为主的活动开始上升为主要活动。(2)宫廷娱乐体育活动明显衰落,以至消亡。民间一些娱乐体育活动的发展也受到一定影响。(3)多数传统体育项目作为一种长期流传的文化形态,因民族文化强大的因袭力,其发展未呈现明显的衰落现象。

From the Opium War to the Revolution of 1911, the development of Chinese traditional physical culture had three different conditions: one,martial arts as the struggle means of the Chinese people to oppose the feudal system and aggression have developed so rapidly that a great number of groups with various barehanded exercises and weapons were quickly spreaded,and gradually from countryside to cities. After the Yihetuan Movement,the groups were united to study and pass on their martial arts. Two,the palace entertainment and physical activities were obviously declining to death,and the development of some folk entertainments and physical activities were also affected. Three,because of the great traditional power of the national culture,the development of most of traditional physical events as a kind of cultural formation hasn' t obviously shown the declining phenomenon.