赛艇技术的生物力学研究

A Biomechanical Study of Rowing Techniques

使用赛艇多参数遥测分析系统和IPL型高速摄影机同步测试方法,对我国国家赛艇集训队16名高水平运动员(男10,女6)的双桨技术进行了测试研究,分析结果如下:①在三种划桨类型中,“平缓力型”的动力学效率最高。“平缓力型”意味着拉桨力平稳增长达到峰值,然后对称下降直至拉桨结束。②艇速曲线有“单峰型”和“双峰型”两种类型。“单峰型”的特点是艇速变化平稳、能量消耗较少;“双峰型”能量消耗多。出现“双峰型”的主要原因是没有“边拉边按”和运动员身体在滑轨上加速不稳。③建立了浆力有效冲量与艇平均速度、艇速波动程度关系式。④发现一些选手左右手划桨力差别较大,桨叶入水角偏小和“拉提”时拉的不够等问题。

The scull techniques of 16 highly qualified rowers(10male and 6 female)in Chinese Rowing Team were synchronously tested with multi-parameter telemetry system of rowing and 1PL high speed camera. Results of analysis show that:1.in the three types of force pattern,the 'smooth force' is the highest in dynamic efficiency;2. there are two types of velocity curve;the 'single peak'and the 'double peaks'. 'Double peaks' consumed more energy than 'single peak' during work,It is the result of not being able to pull the oar while pressing and of an unsteady accelerating of rower' s body;3. equation has been found which relates the effective impulse of force applied on blades to the mean velocity of boat and its standad deviation during one stroke; 4. some Chinese rowers have the shortages of abvious difference in force types between left and right hand,smaller oar angular at entry, and insufficient pulling at 'pull-lift'.