7J.C. Pilchard, On the Ethnography of High Asia, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 9, 1839, pp. 192 - 194.
8Pamela K. Crossley, Evelyn Rawski, A Profile of the Manchu Language in Ching History, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 53, no. 1 ( 1993 ) :63 - 102.
9Evelyn Rawski, The Qing Empire during the Qianlong Reign, in James A. Millward, Ruth W. Dunnell, Mark Elliott, Philippe Foret ed. , The New Qing Imperial History: The making of Inner Asian Empire at Qing Chengde, Routledge Curzon, New York, 2004, pp. 15 - 21.
