语篇研究中的“块构”现象

Chunk establishment in discourse analysis

语篇都由一定数量的语义块和言语行为块在不同心理操作层次上组合构成。从宏观语义角度看,语篇的宏观结构(即语篇最高宏观命题)可通过介于语篇最高和最低命题(即微命题)之间各中间层次上的若干次信息浓缩而获得。从语篇语用角度看,语篇的宏观言语行为则是通过语篇中各宏观层次上言语行为的有效实施而综合获得。语篇中最高和最低语义和语用单位之间各层次上的语义及言语行为块在语言使用中起着控制整体连贯性的作用。

Assuming that a discourse results from a combination of a certain number of semantic and speech-act chunks at several processing levels, the author argues that establishment of the semantic andpragmatic chunks at the levels between the highest and lowest discourse units helps to controlthe overall coherence and facilitates understanding.