四种泳势腿部动作的力学分析

Mechnical Analysis on Leg Movement of Four Different Strokes

本研究对四种泳势腿部动作水下摄影的连续图片进行了详细的解析,绘出了脚尖、踝关节、膝关节和髋关节的运动轨迹,以及脚、小腿和大腿各环节的运动棍图.全面地揭示了腿部动作的运动学特征,并据此对各环节的受力作了进一步的流体力学分析,揭示出各环节的动力学特征.研究结果表明:除蛙泳外的三种泳势的腿部动作,主要是横向运动,推进力的成份主要是升力;而蛙泳腿部动作是既有纵向又有横向的运动,推进力的成份既有阻力的因素又有升力的因素.

In this study, underwater films of leg movements of four strokes were analysed. The motor locuses of toe, ankle, knee and hip as well as segments of foot and leg were drawn up. The study reveals the kinetic characteristics of leg movement and makes further hydrokinetic analysis on the force of each segment. Results show that in the four strokes, except the breast stroke, the movements of leg are mainly horizontal and the propulsive forces are mainly hoisting. In contrast, the movement of leg in the breast stroke involves both horizontal and longitudinal movements and its propulsive force contains both the dragging and the hoisting factors.