陕西蓝田泄湖遗址

THE SITE AT XIEHU, LANTIAN, SHAANXI

一、遗址概况泄湖遗址位于陕西省蓝田县泄湖镇,属于西安市蓝田县泄湖乡泄湖村。东南距蓝田县城10公里,西北离西安市30余公里。泄湖乡是西安经蓝田往商洛的交通要道上的大镇,镇南是公路,镇北即泄湖村,遗址分布在村北的黄土台地上(图一)。

The Xiehu site is located north of Xiehu Village about 10km northwest of the Lantian County seat, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, on the second, loess terrace by the Bahe River, a tributary of he Weihe River. It has cultural deposits more than 10m thick and an area of above 200,000 sq m. In 1986——1988, our team excavated here four times; the total area of excavation measures more than 500 sq m, in which cultural remains and objects of different periods were liscovered in abundance. Among them are 5 house-foundations, 1 tomb and 16 ash-pits of the Yangshao culture, 7 house-found-ations, 1 tomb and 13 ash-pits of the Keshengzhuang Ⅱ culture, 1 tomb and 17 ash-pits of the Western Zhou, and 13 tombs of the Warring States period, with 1328 pottery, stone, bone, horny and shell objects unearthel, including 142 pottery veseels came to be restored. These discoveries indicate that the Xiehu site was mainly a Neolithic settlement and was occupied from then down to the Warring States period, altogether lastin e than 4000 years.What is especially interesting is the Neolithic layers showing a completeness which was not seen previously in the Guanzhong region. The lowest (9th) stratum belongs to the Banpo type of Yangshao culture. The 8th stratum consists of transitional remains from the Banpo to the Miaodigou type. The 7th stratum is of the Miaodigou. The 6th stratum belongs to the Xiwangcun type of the late Yangshao. The 5th stratum falls under the Miaodigou Ⅱ culture of the early Longshan period, the 4th stratum is left from an occupation of the Keshengzhuang Ⅱ cultue of the late Longshan. The 3rd stratum is of the Western Zhou. After that, there was built a cemetery of the Warring States period. Therefore, Xiehu is the first in the number and completeness of cultural deposits among the Neolithic sites excavated so far in Shaanxi. It represents the whole Neolithic sequence of the Guanzhong region, except the pre-Yangshao cultures. This provides important evidence for understandiny the mutual relations betwee nli ypes from the Yangshao to the Longshan culture.