20世纪前半叶科学技术从美国向中国的传入及其影响

THE INTRODUCTION OF AMERICAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO CHINA BEFORE 1949

虽然中国古代有着灿烂的文化和光辉的科学技术成就,但是由于种种历史的和社会的原因,近代以来,中国的科学技术却大大落后于西方。近代科学随着文艺复兴而产生于西欧,然后传到北美,发展十分迅速。特别是19世纪末到整个20世纪期间,惊人的科学技术成就接连出现,不断地改变着人类社会从物质到精神的面貌。正是在19世纪中叶,中华帝国的大门被资本主义大国以武力强行敲开以后,西方高水平的科学技术像潮水一样地拥入,使中国原有的科学技术还没有来得及消化吸收它们,就被其覆盖了。

The United States was the pioneer in introducing modem sciences to China during the first half of the 20th century. The in troduction was mainly through three channels: establishing universities and colleges in China, training Chinese students and scholars in the U. S., and funding research work in China.