介词“向”与“嚮”在近代汉语中的发展

Evolution of the Prepositions Xiang(向)and Xiang(嚮)in Modern Chinese

动词“向”与“嚮”(鄉),大约在两汉时逐渐虚化为介词。本文以古文献的语言资料为实例,重点讨论三个问题:第一,“向”与“嚮”的虚化过程;第二,虚化后,为适应表达复杂化的需要,由“向”、“嚮”所组成的介词结构内部的发展;第三,该介词结构充任状语及补语的语法功能的发展。

In about the period of the West Han and East Han Dynasties,verbs Xiang(向)and Xiang(嚮)were gradually unsubstantialized into prepositions.Based on examplescited from ancient documents,this essay centers around three issues:1,the unsubstantia-lizing process of the Xiangs;2,development inside the prepositional structures of theXiang in order to meet the needs of complex expression after their unsubstantializa-tion;and 3,grammatical function development with the said prepositional structureserving as adverbials and complements.