摘要
古代著作家们关于苏格拉底活动和思想的记录性材料 ,是最真实可靠的 ;对材料进行研究的最可靠方法是按照古代著作家们所理解的原则和方式来阅读和理解 ;神在什么意义上说苏格拉底是最聪明的人的问题 ,促使了苏格拉底由崇尚自然到追问人生意义的转向 ;在认识自己灵魂的过程中找到了一条不同于自然哲学家们探索自然整体性质的新途径 ;首要的道德责任是照料好自己的灵魂 ,使它尽可能的善 ;首要的智慧就是通过对话的辩证法认识善的知识 ;创建了以自然为基础和以理性为核心的灵魂秩序这种理性主义传统。
Records by authors in ancient times about Socrates' activities and ideas are authentic and reliable, and the best way for us to study the records is to read and understand the materials in the way the ancient authors understand them. In what sense does God say that Socrates is the smartest? And what God says encourages Socrates to shift his interest from the study of nature to the pursuing of the meaning of life. Socrates finds a way different from what natural philosophers take in exploring the integrated nature of the natural world in the course of understanding his own soul. In his opinion, the moral duty of the first importance is to tend one's own soul to let it be kind to the utmost degree and the most important intelligence is to understand kindness through the dialectics of dialogue, and thus he builds up rationalist tradition called soul order based on nature and centered upon reason.
