满语地名研究方法谈

On the Research Methods of Place Names in Manchu

时间的推移 ,活动地域的变迁 ,社会成员民族成分比例的改变等一系列变化 ,反映到语言上 ,就造成了满语地名语音上的复杂性。在满语地名考释研究中 ,不但要注意口语和书面语的差别 ,还要考虑到满语语音的历时、共时变化 ,以及地名流传中各种因素对语音的影响。只有全面、充分考虑到内部与外界因素对地名的作用 ,并在考释研究中采取文献考证、调查分析、逻辑推理等各种有效方法的综合运用 ,才能在恢复地名历史原貌的工作中取得积极进展 。

Such variations as time, living area and changes in proportion of different ethnic groups in a society all contributed to the complicated pronunciation of place names in Manchu. Thus in the study of them, not only oral and written language should be paid more attention, but the chronic and dischronic variation in Manchu pronunciation and other factors which had exerted great influence on pronunciation in place names transmitting should be also taken into account as well. Only if thinking over the influence on place names of inner and outer factors, and taking such effective methods synthetically as textual research of literatures, investigation and analysis, and logic reasoning, can we make active progress in restoring the original states of place names, and make correct estimation on the language origin, meaning and location of them.