流放的诗人

The Poet Wang Dashu in Exile

中国诗史第一人屈原，就是流放诗人。西域流放诗是研究清诗和中国诗史的前沿位置。穷乡儒士王大枢(1732—1818)，于乾隆五十三年(1788)到嘉庆五年(1800)流放新疆伊犁，著有《西征录》。本文力图就王大枢和《西征录》辨析文人从能诗而成为诗人这一心历路程；讨论处境恶化、行动与思维受到禁锢，对诗人意味着什么，政治高压陡增会产生怎样的反弹；而在困境与危难中，诗人可以在多大范围内再造精神空间。并通过诗史无名但同为流放诗人的“皇孙”祈阿哥，邻国安南公爵黄益晓，《再生缘》作者陈端生夫妇等与王大枢的交往，首次对神秘、陌生的伊犁诗坛作了研究。

The exile poems written in the Western Frontier should be positioned in the front of the Qing poetry studies and even of the history of the Chinese poetry.The poet Wang Dashu was in exile to YiLi(伊犁),Xinjiang prov ince in the period from the 53rd Qianlong year(1788) to the 5th Jiaqing year(1800)wher e he wrote a book Marching westward.Through the analysis of Wang and his Marching westward,this essay is trying to trace the psychologi cal development of intellectuals such like Wang from just knowing how to write poems to being an excellent poet.It discusses what difficult situations and the im prisonment of both body and mind mean to a poet,and what a response would be made to a suddenly increased political pressure,and how large a spiritual space a p oet could create in these situations.Broadened to Wang's communication wit h Qi A'ge,one of the emperor's grand suns,also a poet in exile,and Sir Huang Yixiao in Vietnam,a bordering country,and Mr.Chen Ruisheng,the author of A Rebirth Marri age,this essay makes in China the first research of the mysterious and strange Yili poetry.