石墨炉原子吸收法测定野菜中的铜和铅

Determination of copper and lead in wild herbs by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

目的：为探讨北京地区野菜中重金属的富集特征及人群潜在健康风险。方法选取苦菜和蒲公英为研究对象,采集北京六区县交通道路两旁、山林、农田、公园区域内野菜样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定野菜中Cu、Pb元素含量,并运用目标危害系数(the target hazard quotient, THQ)方法评价人群摄食野菜导致的健康风险。结果六个区县交通道路两旁区域苦菜中铜元素含量在3.90~14.83 mg/kg之间、铅元素含量在0.23~1.82 mg/kg之间,蒲公英中铜元素含量在4.26~14.54 mg/kg之间、铅元素含量在0.17~0.61 mg/kg之间；六个区县田地、山上、公园区域苦菜中铜元素含量在3.34~10.40 mg/kg之间、铅元素含量在0.06~0.29 mg/kg之间,蒲公英中铜元素含量在2.91~6.16 mg/kg之间、铅元素含量在0.09~0.25 mg/kg之间。结论交通道路两旁平均10 m区域内野菜中铜和铅元素含量明显高于其他采样区域,多金属复合健康风险评价结果表明,食用非人工种植的北京地区野菜,对人群存在明显的健康风险,野菜引发人群(尤其是儿童)重金属健康风险值得关注,预防食品安全问题发生。

Objective To discussion enrichment characteristics and population potential health risks of heavy metals in the wild herbs in Beijing area. Methods The wild herbs of chinensis (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.Mazz.) and dandelion (Ixeris cass) were collected from beside the traffic road area, mountain area, farm-land area, park area in six counties of Beijing area and the concentrations of Cu and Pb were detected in them by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Meanwhile, the possible health risks to residents caused by the heavy metals through consumption of the above wild herbs were evaluated based on target hazard quotient (THQ). Results The content of Cu was 3.90~14.83 mg/kg and that of Pb was 0.23~1.82 mg/kg in chinensis, and the content of Cu was 4.26~14.54 mg/kg, and that of Pb was 0.17~0.61 mg/kg in dandelion of beside the road area in six counties of Beijing area. The content of Cu was 3.34~10.40 mg/kg, that of Pb was 0.06~0.29 mg/kg in chinensis and the content of Cu was 2.91~6.16mg/kg, and that of Pb was 0.09~0.25 mg/kg in dande-lion of mountain area, farmland area, park area in six counties of Beijing area. Conclusion The concentration of Cu and Pb in wild herbs which come from 10-m area of both sides of the traffic road were significantly higher than that of other area. Multi-metal composite health risk assessment results showed that it was an ob-vious health risk to people who ate non-artificial cultivated wild herbs. It suggested that more attention should be paid on the potential added threat of heavy metal to the health of rural inhabitants (especially children) who might eat wild herbs in area of Beijing.