高原低氧条件下经颅微电流生理训练对脑认知功能的影响

Effects of transcranial micro-electric current physiological training on cerebral function under altitude hypoxia

目的 研究高原低氧条件下经颅微电流生理训练对脑认知功能的影响,为高原脑认知功能的保持及训练提供技术及方法. 方法 采用经颅微电流生理训练(transcranial micro-electric current physiological training,TMCPT)对40名健康志愿者进行高原低氧条件下(海拔高度3700 m以上)的脑认知功能训练.TMCPT强度为生理级安全范围,志愿者每天训练2次(上、下午各1次),每次5 min.观察志愿者高原急进阶段(进入高原后前10 d)和高原常驻阶段(常驻1个月、常驻2个月和常驻3个月)的神经行为能力指数(neurobehavioral ability index,NAI)；对其高原急进阶段和常驻阶段的睡眠质量进行评价. 结果 ①高原急进阶段:与第1天比较,训练至第10天,志愿者的数字检索能力(digital scan,DS)、记忆扫描能力(memory scan,MS)、视觉简单反应时(simple visual reaction time,SVRT)、视觉复杂反应时(complex visual reaction time,CVRT)、目标跟踪能力(pursuit aiming,PA)、连续操作能力(consecutive performance,CP)6项能力均显著增加(t=1.982～4.412,P＜0.05).②高原常驻阶段:与常驻1个月比较,常驻3个月的训练仅使6项NAI中的DS、MS、SVRT显著增加(t=3.744～5.812,P＜0.05).③睡眠质量评价:与高原急进阶段比较,经TMCPT训练的志愿者睡眠质量评定各项目分数明显降低(t=1.833～3.552,P＜0.05). 结论 经颅微电流生理训练能提高高原低氧条件下的脑认知功能和睡眠质量.可采用β频段脑波反馈训练提高脑认知能力；α频段脑波反馈训练促进睡眠.

Objective To investigate the effects of transcranial micro-electric current physiological training (TMCPT) on cerebral function (CF) in order to provide technology and methods for maintaining and training CF under altitude hypoxia.Methods Forty healthy volunteers served as subjects,who took flight to the altitude and were trained by TMCPT in the condition of altitude hypoxia (3700 m above sea level).Current intensity of TMCPT was limited within safety physiological range.Subjects were trained 2 times per day (one in the morning and the other in the afternoon) and each lasted 5 min.Neurobehavioral ability index (NAI) were respectively observed in rush entry phase (first 10 days after entry) and in various resident phases (resided in plateau for 1,2,3 months respectively).Self-evaluating questionnaire and Pittsburgh sleep quality index were investigated to evaluate the sleep quality in different phases.Results ① In rush entry phase:the subjects' digit scan (DS),memory scan (MS),simple visual reaction time (SVRT),complex visual reaction time (CVRT),pursuit aiming (PA) and consecutive performance (CP) were significantly increased by 10-d TMCPT training (t=1.982 4.412,P＜0.05) as compared with those of the 1st day.②Resident phase:compared to the NAI in 1st month,only subjects' DS,MS,SVRT out of 6 NAIs were significantly increased by 3-month TMCPT training (t=3.744 5.812,P＜0.05) as compared with those of the 1st month.③ Sleep quality evaluation:subjects' sleep quality indexes had significant reduction as compared with those in rush entry phase (t =1.833-3.552,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions TMCPT can improve CF and sleep quality under altitude hypoxia.It＇s suggested that to take β frequency brain wave feedback training to promote CF,and to take α frequency brain wave feedback training to improve sleep quality.