作为一种基础研究的科学哲学

The Philosophy of Science as a Foundational study

由于集合论中悖论的发现,数学基础研究的对象和方法得以确定和精确化,数学哲学逐渐演变成元数学。本文从此角度着眼,比较了数学基础研究和经验科学基础研究的特点,通过对一般科学哲学问题的系统论述,指出科学哲学是一种基础研究,它是对经验科学的概念体系、推理模式以及理论结构的逻辑的和方法论的研究。但由于经验科学的基础还未发生类似于数学领域中的危机,科学哲学的对象和方法尚未确定和统一。

Owing to the discovery of antinomies in set theory, the object and method emp-loyed in mathematics foundational studies have become definite and precise, and thephilosophy of mathematics has gradually been evolving into metamathematics. Procee-ding from this angle. this essay conducts a comparison between the foundational studyof mathematics and that of empical science. After a systematic exposition of issuesconcerning ordinary the philosophy of science, the author points out that the philoso-phy of science is a foundational study, a logic and methodologic study on the concep-tual system, mode of reasoning and theoretical structure of empirical science. However,as there is no crisis occurring to the basis of empirical science as that occurring to mat-hematics realm, the object and method for the philosophy of science are not yet definiteand unified.