晋宁石寨山1号墓贮贝器上人物雕像考释

AN INTERPRETATION OF THE HUMAN SCULPTURES ON THE BRONZE COWRIE-CONTAINER FROM TOMB NO.1 AT SHIZHAISHAN IN JINNING COUNTY,YUNNAN PROVINCE

云南晋宁石寨山1号墓,位于该墓群五十座墓葬的中心区域,墓向统一向东,北距出土"滇王之印"的6号墓即滇王墓约10米,地处下坡,高差约1米。滇王墓出土随葬器物三七○件,其中兵器八十一件,金器一二三件。1号墓随葬器物二二九件,除本文考释的祭祀人物贮贝器外,还有兵器六件、陶纺轮五件、绕线板二件、铜镜二件(其一有"畜思君王"铭文)、耳环三十五件、玉镯七件,和数以公斤计的孔雀石、绿松石、玛瑙、软玉、珊瑚、琥珀和料珠等各种珠饰。

Tomb No. 1 at Shizhaishan in Jinning County of Yunnan Province is located in the central area of the 50-tomb graveyard, only about 10 m to the south of Tomb No. 6 which yielded the gold seal Dian Wang Zhi Yin (Seal of the King of the Dian State). Judging from the composition of the funeral objects and other evidence, the tomb owner is a woman, who must have been the spouse of a king of the Dian State in the Han Dynasty in view of the plenty of the funeral objects and according to the human sculptures on the cowrie-container which are interpreted in the present paper as a scene of the pin xiang to the queen (pin xiang means the ceremony of presenting sacrificial offerings to the dead).The ceremonial scene depicted on the cowrie-container well coincides with traditional pin xiang ceremonies recorded in the Han Dynasty, especially with that to the queen. The offerings include human and animal sacrifices, as well as food, silk and furs. The place where the ceremonies were held was right the she altar in the center of the market in the center of the capital. The sacrificial things were levied and had the character of national and market taxes. Failure to pay levies would be punished in various degrees. On this cowrie-container, the stele and the column erected symmetrically in the ceremonial place must represent respectively the left zu and the right she in traditional Chinese architecture.The above interpretations may serve the understanding of social development in the Yunnaa district during the Han Dynasty and the study of the social history of ancient China.