关于国有企业承包经营的几个问题

ON CONTRACT MANAGEMENT IN STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES

按照把国有企业的所有权和经营权适当分开的原则,广泛采取承包经营的方式,是深化企业改革的重要内容。一、国有企业要把所有权与经营权适当分开的原则,在理论上或实践中都是正确的。在坚持社会主义原則下,哪种经营方式最有利于促进生产力的发展,就应当采取哪种经营方式。二、国有企业实行两权分开,只是企业经营机制的改变,使企业具有经营自主权,不可能改变企业全民所有制的性质。三、实行两权分开,就是要作到企业的权、责、利相结合,明确经营责任,充分行使经营权力,因而是可以逐步使企业作到自主经营、自负盈亏的。四、国有企业利用企业自有资金所形成的资产与原来由国家投资所形成的资产都属于全民所有,这是确定无疑的,但是为了合理使用,这两部分可以区别对待。由于承包经营方式多种多样,因而确实存在着不规范化的问题.现在应根据实践的经验,在各行业内部,搞出几条规则来。这里首先是承包基数问题,既要保证固有资产不断增殖,又要保证企业和职工的收入逐年提高;其次是承包期限问题,一般来说以五年为好;再次是留给企业自己支配的利润问题,要进一步研究如何支配;最后是承包主体问题,一般来说,国有企业由谁承包,谁就是这个企业的厂长、经理,即法人代表。

What is the importance to undertake, to a certain degree, the contract management in greatly continuing the enterprise reform, with the emphasis on separating ownership from management in state enterprises? In his thesis Mr Ma raises questions one another and (?)laborates them,saying:Such appropriate separation proved correct both theoretically and practically. Therefore,whichever form of management should be chosen, should develop productive forces, according to the socialist principles. Throughout this separation process, no change takes place with regard to the nature of the whole-people ownership, but does happen to the management mechanism so that the state enterprises have their own decision-making power. While separating ownership from management, we should give consideration to the combination of responsibilities, power, interests and losses, namely, making clear the management resposibilities, fully exercising management power, and bearing their own profits and losses. The enterprise assets definitely belong to the whole people in the following two cases: one is to use the funds raised by the enterprises themselves, the other is to use the government investment. Nevertheless, the two may be dealt with in different ways,if they are to be used rationally.Truly to say, there isn' t any standardized contract management, but it varies in terms of type and form. Yet we shouuld work out some-regulations for different trades and professions according to their actual conditions. First, such regulations would be something involving a certain set quota of a contracted project, and would ensure the fixed assets a constant rise in value, and ensure the enterprises and employees an increasing income year by year. As for the contract term, it would be acceptable if it covers a five-year period. Further study is needed on how the enterprises retain and use the profits. Finally, there must be an explicit stipulation in the contract about who is the main party of the contract. Normally whoever contracts the enterprise is the authorized director or manager,or the legal representative of the enterprise.