摘要
政治体制改革是苏共第十九次全国代表会议的中心议题。戈尔巴乔夫在会上作的政治报告和会议通过的有关决议,基本上确定了苏联政改的总体方案。这个方案保留了苏联现行政治体制的基础,但对沿袭半个多世纪的“斯大林模式”有所突破。这一方案的贯彻,是苏联政治生活中的重大事件。
The general program of the reform of the political structure adopted at the 19th National Conference of the CPSU is a major political reform since the founding of the Soviet Union, which has broken through over 50-year-old 'Stalin Model'. The program of the political reform gives a comparatively profound revelation and repudiation of the old structure's abuses, and the essence of this structure is excessive concentration of power. It's main features are as follows: the Communist Party commanding over everything, the central government having excessive power and the state monopolizing social life.In view of the main abuses of the old system, the program of the political reform indicates that the spotlight of the political reform is on the power structure. The main measures are to redistribute power functions, return full powers to the Soviets, make appropriate decentralization; to set up democratic mechanism with which the people can participate and have a free say in political affairs; to administrate the society, without the state's interference and impose supervision of and restriction on the power. Judging from all aspects, this time the political reform of the Soviet Union has many advantages: the idea of reform has been predominant in the mind of the Party and the people; the reform has touched the key point for breakthrough; Glasnost and democratization are the important guarantee to the irreversible reform, Gorbachev is capable of keeping the reform in control; there exists sound internacional environment for the reform. However, one should also see that the reform has also faced a lot of difficulties and problems, has met the resistance by the (?)onsevatism and bureaucratism; political system is still in short of the reliable protective mechanism, and finally, mingled with various contradictions, the difficulty lying in the reform is still big. In short, the course of the reform will not go smoothly.
