摘要
保加利亚人民共和国位于欧洲巴尔干半岛东南部,面积11.09万平方公里,人口896.8万(1986年数字)。二次大战前是欧洲最落后的农业国之一。1939年农业产值在社会总产值中占59％,在国民收入中占65％。二次大战结束时,仅有的一些工业全遭战争破坏而停产,农业减产30％。1944年解放后,保加利亚人民在共产党领导下建设社会主义。
Bulgaria has won great achievements in her economic construction since liberation over 40 years ago. The once-termed 'fruit and vegetable garden' has turned into a relatively developed industrial-agricultural nation. In 1985, her gross social production was 74.385 bn. lev (one lev was equivalent to one US dollar), her national income was 25.037 bn. lev, and her per capita national income was about US$2800.In April 1956, the plenary session of the Bulgarian Communist Party Central Committee repudiated personal cult and announced the change of top-level party leaders, of whom Tudor Zhivkov was appointed first secretary of the central committee. From then on, the Bulgarian Communist Party has given priority to economic development in both her party and state affairs. Due to many effective measures such as the correct handle of contradictions within the party, timely adjustment of leadership contingent to keep solidarity among central leading nucleus, putting ideological education into daily life, study and work, etc., the Bulgarians have succeeded in maintaining long-term stable political situation. Although there were often adjustments in major ratios in economy and reforms in economic system, the Bulgarian general and basic policies have remained unchanged, for example, emphasis has always been laid on the development of education, science and technology, leading to the continuance of policy for over thirty years. All of this has made great contribu?ions to the steady and continuous development of her economy.The 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Bulgaria worked out the current five-year plan (1986-1990) and the economic development strategy up to 2000. The latter laid out the following targets: social labour productivity will increase by 1-1.5 times, and labour productivity in some strategic sectors and production areas will rise by 2-3 times; national income will be doubled. Shortly after the closing of the 13th Congress the adjustments made by the Party's politburo have changed the above-mentioned targets into 2-2.5 times, 3-4 times and 2-2.5 times respectively. This strategic development target of high speed must be arousing certain concern from all sides.
