摘要
80年代以来,匈牙利、波兰、保加利亚和捷克斯洛伐克等国家为了深入进行经济体制改革,加快了政治体制改革的进程。政治体制改革的主要任务是克服以党代政,权力过分集中,民主流于形式,机构臃肿,官僚主义严重,办事效率不高等弊病。其核心是要正确地解决好党和国家、党和企业、党和群众组织之间的分工、分权问题,寻求新形势下的民主形式;进一步提高政治领导的工作效率和整个国家的管理水平。
To conform to their economic reforms, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia have speeded up political structural reforms since the 1980s.The basic contents and measures of the political structural reforms are as follows: practicing division of labour between party and administration, further over coming the abuses resulting from acting for administration by party, making an express provision in party's programme and constitution regarding the function of party's leadership and the range of authority of party and government organs; promoting socialist democracy, enhancing people's autonomy, through steadily extending direct democracy, exerting the supervisory role by masses and the public, setting up autonomous organizations; while transforming, adjusting and simplifying state organs, cutting down the number of personnel in state organs, building up government bodies of new type, handing over part of their functions to social communities; reforming cadre system with four changes brought into effect: democratization of cadre's selection and promotion, regularization of cadre's training, institutionalization of the assessment and cHeck-up on cadre's efforts, and cadre's rewards and punishments being in conformity with law; strengthening legal system, implementing rules by law, reinforcing social and economic legislations, strictly supervising the enforcement of law.Main experiences in political structural reforms are: steps taken in reforms should be steady without hurriedness under immature conditions; reforms in both political and economic structures must be synchronized so as to be promoted by and adapted to each other; solving differences and contradictions in interests among people of various strata by ways of overall considerations and coordinations; and party leadership should be resolutely maintained in the course of reforms.
