摘要
目前流行的心理学著作一般都不得不包括行为强化理论。这在某些特殊条件下,如驯化动物,行为矫正若干领域中,取得实际的成果是不容讳言的。但作为正常心理的动机理论便不得不提出若干异议。从斯金纳本人自述的史实,以及消极学习,偶然发现,矛盾的条件作用,预期的反映效果,认识的中介作用,个性倾向等等,都提出了一些强化理论所不能解释的现象。援引潘菽同志《简扎》的批评,联系到西欧哲学史上的一些议论,提出这些功利思想的剥削阶级根源,指出我国现行的以精神奖励为主、物质刺激为辅的激励政策的正确。
According to his“A Case Historyin Scientific Method”,Skinner cameto the discovery of“interesting andsurprising results”from“accidents”.Apparently it was not repetition or re-inforcement that led to his success.Serendipity has always been frequentin scientific history.Scheduled rein-forcement,negative learning,conflic-ting conditioning,anticipatory effects,personal disposition and many otherphenomena cannot be authoratatively ex-plained by current reinforcement theo-ry.Intrinsic motivation is primary.Sothe prevailing practice in China of em-phasizing idealogical education is most-ly appropriate.
