宝鸡石嘴头东区发掘报告

EXCAVATION OF THE EASTERN SECTION OF THE SHIZUITOU SITE IN BAOJI, SHAANXI PIOVINCE

一、地理位置和自然环境石嘴头位于宝鸡市渭滨区石坝河乡东面的台地上,北临渭河,与宝鸡市区遥遥相望,东濒茵香河,南倚石鼓山,西宝公路由石嘴头上崖和石鼓山间东西穿过,距离宝鸡市区约6公里。这里地势高隆,依山傍水,自古即为人类生活活动的重要场所(图一;图版叁,1)。

The Shizuitou Site is located on a terrace on the southern bank of the Weihe River, east of Shibahe Township in Weibin District of Baoji Municipality, Shaanxi Province. An excavation of the eastern section of the site was carrled out from June to July in 1985, and a total of 1460 sq m were explored. The stratigraphical aspect of the site is simple and the remains uncovered include 2 ashpits, 6 house-foundations and 1 tomb (M2), all belonging to the Longshan Culture, and 1 Northern Song Dynasty tomb (M1).All the house-foundations are remains of subterranean dwellings, and their plane form is like Chinese character '凸', with the front facing the north. The houses are basically arranged in a row from west to east. Each foundation consists of three parts: the living room, the doorway and the door passage.The walls of the subterranean pit served as the walls of the house. Being narrower in the front and wider in the back, the living room looks like a trapezoid in form. A round or oblong fireplace is left in remains at the centre of the floor and in its east or southeast is usually discovered post-holes. There is a recess in the northeastern corner of the living room with marks of burning. The doorway is built at the centre of the northern will, with a passage leading to the outside and being about 10 cm higher than the floor of the living room. The floor of the living room and the doorway, the fireplace, the post-hole and the recess were all plastered first with clay and then with lime. The walls were plastered with clay, with some of their dadoes plastered with lime as well. The roof had probably a wooden beam structure.Tomb M2 intrudes House-foundation F6 with the head of the dead pointing to the west. There are two skeletons at the bottom of the tomb, one of which is slightly off the centre and to the west and is lying sidewise with limbs flexed. It must be the remains of the tomb owner. The other skeleton is incomplete. It is lying sidewise as well and is off the centre and to the southeast. It is probably the remains of the dismembered body of a victim buried with the tomb owner. Some cinnabar and black and red fragments of lacquer ware have been found at the bottom of the tomb, which is rarely seen in similar tombs in the western part of the Central Shaanxi Plain.Taking account of the intrusion of remains one another and the difference of finds, the Neolithic complex of the eastern section may be divided into two periods and both of them belong to the Keshengzhuang Ⅱ Culture.