宜昌中堡岛新石器时代遗址

THE NEOLITHIC SITE AT ZHONGBAODAO IN YICHANG

中堡岛(又名松苞岛、中包岛)位于长江西陵峡境三斗坪镇(因建葛洲坝该镇已拆迁)西1公里许,四周为砂石堆积的河漫滩,中部隆起而平缓,其上竹树葱笼,远视如一座堡垒,故名。全岛东西长约1000、南北宽300—400米,西端隔茅坪溪与秭归县茅坪镇相望,南侧近山,中隔一条宽约数十米的江汊;北临长江(图一;图版壹,1)。

From the Neolithic Zhongbaodao Site in Yichang Municipality, Hubei Province, relics of three cultures— the Daxi, Qujialing and late Erlitou-like cultures have been unearthed.The Daxi complex at the site may be divided into 4 phases which interrelate in succession and development. Most of the pottery objects are of red ware and some are red outside and black inside, with gray and black clay wares less encountered. The stamped and painted decorations are ratber peculiar. The typical types include the high-necked jar, carinate-belly basin, ring-foot plate, cylindric vase, curved-belly cup, vessel support, and ball. As known so far, the Daxi culture falls into the Tangjiagang type distributed in northern Hunan Province and the Guanmiaoshan type in western Hubei Province and the Three Gorges region. The Daxi relics unearthed at Zhongbaodao are of the latter type.Regarding the relics of the Qujialing culrure unearthed at Zhongbaodao, most of the pottery objects are gray and black wares, and strings and oenwork are common decorations. The main types include the carinate-belly dou (high-stemmed bowl), round-belly bowl with a contracted mouth, vat, painted bowl and spindle, ring-footed cup, and pot. These relics are similar to the Qujialing complex in Jingshan County. According to stratigraphical evidence, it can be assumed that the Qujialing culture was developed from the Daxi one.In the third complex, the pottery pot and he (tripod with a pipe-spout) and the 'S'-form decoration show that it is closely related with the Erlitou culture in the Central Plains. It can be taken as a complex in the Three Gorge region corresponding to the late Erlitou culture.