西欧国家垄断资本主义体系及其调整

The National Monopoly Capitalist System in Western Euripe and its Readjustment

一、关于国家垄断资本主义国家垄断资本主义成为资本主义的新的发展阶段,自有它的基本特性。概括起来,可以归纳为以下两个方面: 第一,国家垄断资本形成并占据重要地位。所谓国家垄断资本,是指由国家占有并支配的资本,主要包括国家企业资本和国家财政资本。所谓占据重要地位,一是说它们在国民经济中占有相当大的比重,二是说对其他部分的经济具有很大的影响力或支配力。国家企业资本和国家财政资本并不是在垄断资本主义阶段产生的,如土地、矿山。

The National Monopoly Capitalist System in Western Europe and its Readjustment: The basic features of national monopoly capitalism are as follows: the formation of national monopoly capital and the important position of this capital, direct management and regulation of national economy by the state as a necessary component part for carrying out the reproduction for the society as a whole. Basic elements of this system are composed of: 1) state-run enterprises, 2) national financing system, 3)national monetary and banking system and 4) mechanisms of management and regulation enforced by the state. Since the 1970s this system in Western Europe has experienced larg'e-scale readjustments, of which readjustment of state-run enterprises and mechanism of management and regulation by the state is the most striking one. This author also makes comments on the following issues such as privatization, transition toward 'small government', reform of monetarism and readjustment and reform of liberalism and welfare system. He further points out the theoretical significance of the readjustment of this system: national monopoly capitalism is still in a rather long historical process while the development and changes will go on gradually within its institutions and contents. This self-readjustment going on within the system itself provides facilities for further development of capitalism.