联邦德国控制物价的若干经验

Various Experience of Price Control in FRG

在发达资本主义国家中,联邦德国对物价的控制是卓有成效的。联邦德国的物价水平所以能得到严格控制,这是货币政策、财政政策、收入政策、增长政策等一系列经济政策共同作用的结果。 (一) 自从1948年6月德国西部地区实施货币改革和经济转轨以来,从总体上看,德国西区和随后在这一地区建立的联邦德国的物价是比较稳定的,通货膨胀相当温和。据统计,从1950年到1985年,联邦德国消费价格上涨2.1倍,每年平均上涨3.3%。

Among countries in the West, FRG is quite successful for its price control. This success is the result of the joint operation of its series of economic policies such as monetary policy, financial policy, income policy and growth policy. So far as FRG's experience is concerned, its control of money supply is the most effective means in steadying prices. And the Deutsche Bundesbank, which is independent of FRG government, plays an essential role in this respect. In accordance with its banking act, this bank regulates currency flow and readjusts capital merge and flow as to achieve the purpose of protecting currency. Furthermore, control of financial deficit also plays an important part in controlling money supply. Another important factor in steadying prices is controlling the range of pay increase, which must be suited to the increase of labour productivity. Doubtlessly, the rapid economic growth in postwar FRG serves as one of the important reasons for its low rate of price rise.