当前法国经济计划化的危机及国有企业的私营化

Current Crisis of French Economic Planning and Privatization of National Enterprises

目前,法国的经济计划化正在面临着一次重大的危机。这是自1946年法国实施经济计划四十年来的第二次大危机。第一次危机是在七十年代中期,标志是1974～1975年世界性的经济危机及以德斯坦总统为首的右翼势力的上台。第二次危机是在1986年,标志是法国国有化企业经营状况恶化和1986年3月16日右翼势力在议会选举中获胜,希拉克再任总理。

(special article from Paris) At present, the economic planning in France is confronted with the second big crisis unprecedented in history. If the first crisis (when President d' Estaing was in power)was only regarded as an issue as how to implement the economic planning when it grew expanded or contracted, this one then is an essential issue concerning whether it is necessary to retain or abolish the planning itself. Since Chirac took office as premier, the planning crisis has mainly been shown in the following two ways: one is whether it is necessary to retain or abolish the planning office, and the other is privatization of state enterprises at a largescale. However, to a certain extent, calling off planning and abolishing the planning office have already affected different social strata in their say over state development strategy, therefore, they are confronted with wide opposition of public opinion (from trade unions in particular). There exist different views as to the evaluation of state enterprises. Due to the fact that state enterprises are the most important means of the French economic planning, the deterioration of their management has further deepened the planning crisis. The eruption of this crisis not only reflects the slump in the course of economic growth an the mistakes of the former government, but also gives expression to the struggle of political factions in the trial of their strength. Meanwhile, the struggle of this kind is closely linked with the interests of various social strata, The strike of several trade unions in Paris on 21st October and the student demonstration in late November have proved what resistance Chirac Government is faced with in the course of the implementation of its policy of privatization. The aim of this article is to help people get a better understanding of the features of French planning and as well as its social background, not simply to give yes or no to the questions such as the need to retain or cancel planning.